History
Kernel-space networking
TCP/IP - The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the foundation of the Internet. (Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, 1974)
UDP - The User Datagram Protocol is a simple, connectionless protocol that is used for real-time applications. (David P. Reed, 1980)
IP - The Internet Protocol is the network layer protocol that is used to route packets on the Internet. (Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, 1974)
Ethernet - The Ethernet protocol is the most widely used local area network protocol. (Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs, 1973)
ARP - The Address Resolution Protocol is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. (David C. Plummer, 1982)
ICMP - The Internet Control Message Protocol is used to send error messages and control messages on the Internet. (Jon Postel, 1981)
DNS - The Domain Name System is used to translate domain names to IP addresses. (Paul Mockapetris, 1983)
DHCP - The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to assign IP addresses to hosts on a network. (Ralph Droms, 1993)
NAT - Network Address Translation is used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses. (Masataka Ohta, 1994)
BGP - The Border Gateway Protocol is used to route packets between autonomous systems on the Internet. (Yakov Rekhter and Kirk Lougheed, 1989)
OSPF - The Open Shortest Path First protocol is used to route packets within an autonomous system. (John Moy, 1988)
RIP - The Routing Information Protocol is a simple routing protocol that is used on small networks. (Charles Hedrick, 1988)
IPsec - The Internet Protocol Security protocol is used to secure IP communications. (Steven Bellovin, John Ioannidis, and Aviel Rubin, 1994)
SSL/TLS - The Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security protocol is used to secure web communications. (Netscape Communications, 1994)
User-space networking
HTTP - The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used to transfer web pages on the Internet. (Tim Berners-Lee, 1991)
FTP - The File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer files on the Internet. (Abhay Bhushan, 1971)
SMTP - The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used to send email on the Internet. (Jon Postel, 1982)
POP3 - The Post Office Protocol version 3 is used to retrieve email from a server. (Marshall Rose, 1988)
IMAP - The Internet Message Access Protocol is used to retrieve email from a server. (Mark Crispin, 1986)
Telnet - The Telnet protocol is used to access remote computers over a network. (Paul Mockapetris, 1983)
SSH - The Secure Shell protocol is used to access remote computers securely. (Tatu Ylönen, 1995)
SNMP - The Simple Network Management Protocol is used to manage network devices. (Marshall Rose, 1988)
NTP - The Network Time Protocol is used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. (David L. Mills, 1985)
DHCP - The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to assign IP addresses to hosts on a network. (Ralph Droms, 1993)
DNS - The Domain Name System is used to translate domain names to IP addresses. (Paul Mockapetris, 1983)
NAT - Network Address Translation is used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses. (Masataka Ohta, 1994)
BGP - The Border Gateway Protocol is used to route packets between autonomous systems on the Internet. (Yakov Rekhter and Kirk Lougheed, 1989)
OSPF - The Open Shortest Path First protocol is used to route packets within an autonomous system. (John Moy, 1988)
Client networking
Web browser - A software application that is used to access web pages on the Internet. (Tim Berners-Lee, 1991)
Email client - A software application that is used to send and receive email on the Internet. (Jon Postel, 1982)
FTP client - A software application that is used to transfer files on the Internet. (Abhay Bhushan, 1971)
SSH client - A software application that is used to access remote computers securely. (Tatu Ylönen, 1995)
Telnet client - A software application that is used to access remote computers over a network. (Paul Mockapetris, 1983)
Server Networking
Web server - A software application that is used to serve web pages on the Internet. (Tim Berners-Lee, 1991)
Email server - A software application that is used to send and receive email on the Internet. (Jon Postel, 1982)
FTP server - A software application that is used to transfer files on the Internet. (Abhay Bhushan, 1971)
SSH server - A software application that is used to access remote computers securely. (Tatu Ylönen, 1995)
Telnet server - A software application that is used to access remote computers over a network. (Paul Mockapetris, 1983)